How the sun do it? ( SUMMER and WINTER)

Our beloved (well for most of us) nature and the universe tends to give us variety and changes which may or may not be your favorite, if i am not going off-topic, we must understand the phenomenon of the nature and how these all weather changes occurring. 

okay now how many of you thinks that weather change occurs due to the distance from the sun decrease in summer and increase in winter which leads to the elevated temperature and drop in temperature respectively?

Actually our earth just tilt to some degrees more in summer and start to receive more energy (sun rays) which leads to summer and vice-versa in winters.

TOO much Exercise is bad for you?

There are many peoples who seriously believe in exercise and i am not one of them for sure, as said by a famous scientist "God has given us a definite numbers of breath so i don't want to spent them on exercise"
but this is also a hard truth that without proper exercise our body easily become fragile and weak..You know what i mean.

So whoever have any query regarding the exercises and there related problem may find some answers on this article.
Go here:   Too much exercise??

Can Stem Cells Be Used To Treat Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most devastating illnesses that the human race has ever faced. It literally destroys the brain, which shrinks as a result over time. The toll of AD is not only measured in hundreds of billions of dollars in health care.

costs and millions of deaths, but also in personal and family tragedy that comes with the severe loss of memory that accompanies it.

Remarkably, scientists and doctors are getting good at predicting who has pre-clinical AD or who will ultimately get AD before patients are even symptomatic. But is knowing of any good if we can’t do much about it?

How can AD be prevented, delayed, or treated? The simple answer is that nobody really knows.

There are three key possible approaches to using stem cells to treat AD.

1) One avenue is to use stem cells to regenerate or literally regrow diseased parts of the brain. This is what people most commonly think of when they conceive of treating AD with stem cells. The problem with this approach is that the architecture of the brain is physically integral to memory so even if we could grow a fresh, young part of the brain to replace one ravaged by AD, there would be no memories there. It would be like wiping the plate clean. In theory perhaps the person could make new memories going forward in life that could be remembered or they could be re-educated, but this is not what most people imagine as a successful treatment for AD.

2) Another approach is to use stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) not as rebuilding agents, but rather as healers of the existing brain parenchyma. In this way of thinking,  MSC could heal rather than replace neurons for example. MSC are kind of akin to the natural doctors of the body and could have anti-inflammatory and other powers that might ameliorate AD.

3) A third concept is using stem cells such as MSC as drug delivery agents. So for example, instead of giving Crenezumab or some other drug systemically, it is possible that stem cells could directly deliver the drug within the brain from cell-to-cell far more effectively. Orders of magnitude more effectively.

Some of these same kinds of approaches might be applicable to other diseases as well.

One year of Moon cycle within 2.5 minutes

many of you peoples must know that moon is tidally locked to the earth means its one side always faces to the earth and another on the dark side (remember transformers: dark of the moon?) its takes approximately 27 days to revolve around earth and its own axis. have a look in this amazing video.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9pVaTQinIw

New procedure would turn your Brown eyes blue

Ok we got some exciting news here. I usually heard peoples talking regarding the colors of their eyes like I will look awesome if i have blue colored eyes but that wasn't possible till you take another birth with blue eyes, But now science done it for you again (fulfilling the human dreams).

Eyes, the windows to the soul -

It's obvious many people's answer would flip. But one doctor thinks his method will attract a following. Gregg Homer, a California doctor, says he's worked 10 years to perfect a laser treatment that can irreversibly turn brown eyes blue.

Homer believes that the eyes are the "window to the soul," with blue being a preferred hue that looks less opaque than darker colors. In essence, he says, blue eyes allow others to look more deeply into them.

How will they do it?

Here's how the "20-second long" laser procedure works: A computer scans the iris and uses a laser to disrupt the brown pigment on the surface of the eye. Since blue pigment lies beneath the brown pigment, removing the outer layer of melanin can reveal a bluer look behind it. Since the brown pigment is damaged and will not regenerate, Homer says, the eye removes it naturally, according to one BBC article. Between two and three weeks later, the pigment lightens up, eventually transforming brown eyes to blue.

Risky?

When you burn the brown pigment away with a laser, the debris that is created in the front of the eye -- think of it as ashes resulting from burning anything -- is likely to clog up the microscopic channels in the front of the eye, known as trabecular meshwork, [It] is very likely to cause a high pressure in the eye, known as glaucoma.

Pharmacognosy (basic)

Chapter 1: History, Development and scope of Pharmacognosy

Download here

Necotine could act as a Gateway drug

                                                                                                                GATEWAY DRUGS

According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), part of the National Institute of Health, scientists have identified a biological mechanism in a landmark study in mice, which could provide insight into how tobacco products could act as gateway drugs, and therefore increase the risk of abusing cocaine and perhaps also other drugs. The study, published in today's Science Translational Medicine is the first study that shows that nicotine might prime the brain to enhance the behavioral effects of cocaine. 



Researchers based their gateway drug model on epidemiological evidence on reports of most illicit drug users who state they used tobacco products or alcohol before using illicit drugs. Over the years, this model has generated substantial controversy, mainly over whether prior drug exposure to nicotine, alcohol or marijuana is causally associated with later drug abuse. Until recently, scientists have not been able to demonstrate a biological mechanism whereby nicotine exposure could increase vulnerability to illicit drug use.

In the new study researchers at Columbia University in New York City administered nicotine to mice's drinking water for a minimum of seven days and discovered they displayed an increased response to cocaine. This priming effect was based on the nicotine's effect on gene expression that was previously not recognized; Nicotine changes the structure of the tightly packaged DNA molecule and reprograms expression patterns of specific genes, in particular that of the FosB gene, which has been associated with addiction, and ultimately changes the behavioral response to cocaine. 



The researchers wanted to assess if their study results paralleled findings in humans by re-examining statistics from the 2003 National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol Related Consequences. It enabled them to investigate the link between onset of nicotine use and degree of cocaine dependence where they discovered that the rate of cocaine dependence was higher among cocaine users who smoked prior to starting cocaine compared with those who tried cocaine prior to smoking.

If the outcome in mice would display similar effects in humans, the researchers suggest, that effective smoking prevention efforts would not just prevent negative health consequences linked to smoking but could also lower the risk of progression and addiction to cocaine and possibly other illicit drug use. Researchers continue to use the mouse model to provide a new mechanism to investigate the gateway theory from a biological perspective.